Sufan movement

Sufan Movement
Sufan Movement
Native name	肃反运动
Location	China
Date	1955 ; July 1955 – October 1957
Target	Counter-revolutionaries, intellectuals, former KMT officials and political opponents of Mao Zedong, attack against "bureaucraticism" and soviet sympathetic officials
Attack type	Political repression
Deaths	53,000 (Estimated)
Victims	214,000 (Arrested), 18 Million (Total targeted for "investigation")
Perpetrators	Chinese Communist Party, Mao Zedong
Motive	Elimination of political opponents of Mao Zedong, intellectuals and foreign forces

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The Sufan movement (simplified Chinese: 肃反运动; traditional Chinese: 肅反運動; "Campaign to Eradicate Hidden Counterrevolutionaries") was a purge of perceived opponents in the People's Republic of China under Mao Zedong, between 1955 and 1957.^[1]^[2]^[3] The term "sufan" is short for "肅清暗藏的反革命分子", which means "to purge of the hidden counterrevolutionaries";^[4] similar campaigns had been carried out within the Chinese Communist Party as early as 1932.^[5] Mao directed that 5 percent of counter-revolutionaries were to be eliminated.^[6]^[7] During the purge, around 214,000 people were arrested and approximately 53,000 died.^[8]^[9]

^ Lowell, Dittmer (1989). "China's Continuous Revolution". University of California Press. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
^ Lieberthal, Kenneth. (2003). Governing China: From Revolution to Reform, W.W. Norton & Co.; Second Edition.
^ "1955年7月1日中共中央发出《关于展开斗争肃清暗藏的反革命分子的指示》". The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 30 June 2020.
^ According to Lin Yutang Archived 31 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine, 肅 (su) can be translated as 整肅 [zheng3su4]2, v.t., (in communist China) to purge.
^ Guo, Xuezhi (2012). China's Security State: Philosophy, Evolution, and Politics. Cambridge University Press. p. 40. ISBN 978-1-107-02323-9.
^ Wagner, Rudolf G.; MD, Professor of Chinese Studies Rudolph Wagner; Wagner, Sieglinde (1992). Inside a Service Trade: Studies in Contemporary Chinese Prose. Harvard Univ Asia Center. ISBN 978-0-674-45536-8. Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
^ Zhu, Zheng. "陆定一和尤金谈肃反运动". Yanhuang Chunqiu (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020. 对于这一场肃反运动的审查面，"七一指示"和"八二五指示"都做出了"大约百分之五"的规定。
^ Luo, William (30 March 2018). 半资本论: 半资本主义与中国（Semi-Capitalism in China） (in Chinese). 世界华语出版社. p. 178. ISBN 978-1-940266-12-1.
^ Wang, Gongbiao (2015). "日本侵略軍與中共暴政對中國人民造成傷害的比較". Yibao (议报) (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2020. 根據解密檔案：全國有140多萬知識分子和幹部在這場運動中遭受打擊，其中逮捕21.4萬人，槍決2.2萬人，非正常死亡5.3萬人。

[:3-1] Lowell, Dittmer (1989). "China's Continuous Revolution". University of California Press. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.

[2] Lieberthal, Kenneth. (2003). Governing China: From Revolution to Reform, W.W. Norton & Co.; Second Edition.

[:4-3] "1955年7月1日中共中央发出《关于展开斗争肃清暗藏的反革命分子的指示》". The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 30 June 2020.

[4] According to Lin Yutang Archived 31 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine, 肅 (su) can be translated as 整肅 [zheng3su4]2, v.t., (in communist China) to purge.

[Guo2012-5] Guo, Xuezhi (2012). China's Security State: Philosophy, Evolution, and Politics. Cambridge University Press. p. 40. ISBN 978-1-107-02323-9.

[6] Wagner, Rudolf G.; MD, Professor of Chinese Studies Rudolph Wagner; Wagner, Sieglinde (1992). Inside a Service Trade: Studies in Contemporary Chinese Prose. Harvard Univ Asia Center. ISBN 978-0-674-45536-8. Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.

[:5-7] Zhu, Zheng. "陆定一和尤金谈肃反运动". Yanhuang Chunqiu (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020. 对于这一场肃反运动的审查面，"七一指示"和"八二五指示"都做出了"大约百分之五"的规定。

[:1-8] Luo, William (30 March 2018). 半资本论: 半资本主义与中国（Semi-Capitalism in China） (in Chinese). 世界华语出版社. p. 178. ISBN 978-1-940266-12-1.

[:0-9] Wang, Gongbiao (2015). "日本侵略軍與中共暴政對中國人民造成傷害的比較". Yibao (议报) (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2020. 根據解密檔案：全國有140多萬知識分子和幹部在這場運動中遭受打擊，其中逮捕21.4萬人，槍決2.2萬人，非正常死亡5.3萬人。

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